Belarusian Mythology

Lyadashtsik

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternative names: Lyadashtsik, Lyadashchik, Shevredz, Pusten
Category: Bat

The Myth

Lyadashtsik is an evil spirit from Belarusian folklore that is said to corrupt people. It is regarded as one of the most hostile spirits toward humans and is especially feared by women, as many illnesses and seizures affecting women were traditionally attributed to it.

The spirit was believed to attack by making people sick, driving them into madness, or causing them to transform into various animals. Those believed to have been afflicted by Lyadashtsik were sometimes described as foolish or half-witted.

Lyadashtsik was imagined as a hideous monster covered in red hair. It possessed wings, a single eye in the middle of its forehead, and was said to resemble a monstrous bat. In some traditions it was also described with the body of a frog and hairy wings.

The creature was known under different names in various parts of Belarus. In some districts it was called Shevredz, while in others it was known as Pusten. Folk sayings warned that a person who had dealings with Lyadashtsik had “Lyadashtsik’s eye,” meaning they had become mad or half-witted.

Sources

Bestiary.us. (n.d.). Lyadashtsik. In New Bestiary: Encyclopedia of Imaginary Beings. Retrieved June 29, 2026, from https://www.bestiary.us/Lyadashtsik

Vazila

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternative names: Vazil, Vasil, Bicychik, Basina, Visusnik, Kankach, Tabunnik, Talbunnik, Khlevnik, Xneyhik
Category: Horse

The Myth

Vazila is the patron spirit of horses in Belarusian folklore. Unlike the horse demon Kumelgan, Vazila appears in human form, but with the ears and hooves of a horse. He is said to live in horse stables and accompanies horses when they graze in distant meadows or remain outdoors overnight.

Belarusian tradition holds that Vazila protects horses from disease, seizures, wolves, and other wild predators. Shepherds and horse owners trusted him to watch over their animals, sometimes leaving horses to graze at night without a guard because they believed Vazila would protect the herd.

A common custom was to drive a pole into the ground at the grazing place and attach the skeleton of a horse’s head to it. This symbolic image was believed to invite Vazila’s protection and keep Kumelgan, the evil spirit of horses, away. Neither Kumelgan nor ordinary wolves were thought to approach a place guarded by Vazila.

Vazila was also believed to carry a special herb on his back, which he mixed into the horses’ feed during the night. This herb was said to strengthen the animals, making them healthy, strong, and tall. Some Belarusian farmers claimed to have found this mysterious herb in the manger and kept it for future use.

Many stories tell of fierce battles between Vazila and Kumelgan. During these struggles, people claimed they could hear loud thundering and stamping as the two spirits fought to protect or claim the horses. Because of his role as the guardian of horses, Vazila was highly respected throughout Belarus, and people invoked his name when seeking the safety and well-being of their animals.

Sources

Bestiary.us. (n.d.). Vazila. In New Bestiary: Encyclopedia of Imaginary Beings. Retrieved June 29, 2026, from https://www.bestiary.us/vazila

Kumelgan

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternative names: Kumelhan, Кумельган
Category: Horse

The Myth

Kumelgan is an evil spirit in Belarusian folklore that harms horses. It is described as a creature that combines the forms of a man and a horse, with the body and arms of a man covered in horsehair, the head of a horse, and hooves in place of hands and feet. It can walk either upright on two legs or on all fours like a horse.

The spirit is regarded as the enemy of Vazila, the protector of horses. Kumelgan’s purpose is to injure horses whenever Vazila is absent. It tortures horses, poisons their feed with harmful plants, and creeps into stables at night. Although it is considered too weak to overpower several horses at once, it attacks animals one by one, pressing them down until they collapse and die. Farmers believed that if several people entered a stable where strange noises had been heard, Kumelgan would immediately flee.

When horses grazed without Vazila’s protection, Kumelgan was said to lead them deep into the forest. It did not usually kill mares but abandoned them to become prey for wild beasts. The spirit could also change its appearance to resemble any horse it wished, allowing it to mingle unnoticed among a herd or even enter a stable disguised as one of the owner’s own horses.

According to the account, the name Kumelgan derives from words meaning “hind part of an animal’s body” or “to walk on hind legs,” referring to the creature’s unusual appearance and manner of movement.

Sources

Bestiary.us. (n.d.). Kumelgan. In New Bestiary: Encyclopedia of Imaginary Beings. Retrieved June 29, 2026, from https://www.bestiary.us/kumelgan/en

Skarbnik

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Tradition / Region: Polish Mythology, Ukranian Mythology, Belarusian Mythology
Alternate Names: Kladenets; Dzedka
Category: Cave dweller

The Myth

Deep beneath the earth, in the winding tunnels of mines and forgotten shafts, dwells the Skarbnik—the Treasurer of the underworld. He is the unseen guardian of gems, crystals, and precious metals, watching over the hidden wealth buried in stone.

Miners speak of him in hushed voices. To those who work honestly and show respect, Skarbnik is a silent protector. When tunnels groan and timbers strain, he may guide a worthy miner away from danger. When a man loses his path in the dark labyrinth underground, a whisper, a faint glow, or the echo of a step may lead him safely back. At times, Skarbnik rewards diligence by revealing a rich vein of ore, leading the faithful straight to silver, coal, or gold.

But Skarbnik is not gentle with the wicked.

Those who curse in the tunnels, mock the spirit, or treat the mine with arrogance soon feel his wrath. It is forbidden to whistle underground, to hurl stones in anger, or to cover one’s head in disrespect. Such acts insult the Treasurer. First comes a warning—a sudden shower of loose soil striking the offender, small clods thrown from unseen hands. If the warning is ignored, harsher punishment follows. Tunnels collapse without mercy. Dark chasms open beneath careless feet. Stones fall from above with deadly aim.

To the greedy and cruel, Skarbnik is a relentless judge. To the humble and respectful, he is a guardian and guide.

Thus the miners say that no one truly works alone beneath the earth. The Treasurer watches always, weighing the hearts of men as carefully as the ore they seek.

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Karzełek. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved February 13, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karze%C5%82ek

Dzedka

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian mythology
Alternate Names: Kladenets (Russian), Skarbnik (Polish)
Category: Gnome, Spirit

The Myth

Dzedka appears in the world as an old, humble man. He walks slowly along roads, across fields, and through the quiet edges of villages. His beard is long and red, his eyes glow faintly red as well, and his clothes are plain and worn. With his sack over his shoulder, he looks no different from a poor beggar, and many pass him without a second glance.

Yet to meet Dzedka is never accidental.

When a person comes close to him without realizing who he is, a strange drowsiness falls over them. Their legs grow heavy, their thoughts blur, and they sink into sleep right there by the roadside or in the grass. While they sleep, Dzedka opens his bag and leaves behind a gift.

When the sleeper awakens, Dzedka is gone. In his place lies a sum of money—sometimes small, sometimes exactly what the person secretly needed. It is said that this money brings no curse or misfortune, only relief and opportunity.

For those who are already wealthy but unhappy, Dzedka’s gift is different. Instead of money, he grants a dream. In that dream, he shows them what is missing from their lives and what they must change to find true happiness. When they wake, the knowledge remains clear in their mind, like advice given by a wise elder.

Dzedka never demands gratitude, offerings, or prayers. He gives silently and disappears, leaving only fortune, insight, and the sense that kindness may walk the world disguised as poverty.

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Dzedka. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzedka

Beast of Sho

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Cow

The Myth

In the village of Sho, people spoke in hushed voices of a terrifying being that was not a tale for children, but something seen with waking eyes. They said it appeared as a flying calf, malformed and unnatural, with a huge swollen head, no horns, and a shape that filled those who saw it with dread.

One woman told how her sister feared a certain barn where a man had once hanged himself. A cow was kept there, and each morning she brought hay in a basket, turning on the light and placing the feed carefully, yet she refused to climb into the hayloft itself.

One winter morning, as she stood outside, she heard footsteps. A door on the sloping side of the barn slowly began to open. At first it was only a crack. They owned a small black dog named Filka, and she wondered if it might be him, though she knew he could not open the door.

Suddenly the door flew wide and slammed against the wall.

Something burst out—but it was no dog.

It was as large as a calf. In the snow she saw it clearly: a massive head, a short thick neck, legs that looked as though they wore boots, and a long tail bent upward at the end. The creature ran past the hut and along the path. It did not go into the cellar. Instead, it rose into the air and flew away, its long tail dragging across the snow until it vanished.

The woman swore she had seen it plainly and had been frozen with terror. Others dismissed her words, saying such things could not exist. But in Sho, the story endured, and the memory of the flying calf lingered like a shadow over the barn and the snow-covered path where it had passed.

Sources

Bestiary.us. (n.d.). Chudovishche s Sho (Beast of Sho), from https://www.bestiary.us/chudovishche-s-sho

Lobach, U. A. (Ed.). (2011). Полацкі этнаграфічны зборнік. Вып. 2, Ч. 1: Народная проза беларусаў Падзвіння [Polatsk Ethnographic Collection. Vol. 2, Pt. 1: Folk Prose of the Belarusans of Padzvinnie]. Новаполацк: ПДУ. p. 89-90.

Belun

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: House dweller

The Myth

Belun is a field spirit in Belarusian mythology, most often described as a kind and benevolent being. He appears in the form of an old man with a long white beard, dressed in white and carrying a white staff. Though his appearance is humble and sometimes odd, Belun is associated with good fortune, guidance, and quiet help.

According to common belief, Belun appears to poor people working or walking in rye fields. He is said to show himself as an elderly man with snot running from his nose and a bag hanging around his neck. When he meets someone, he asks them to wipe his nose. If the person agrees and does so, gold pours from Belun’s bag, after which he immediately disappears. The amount of money received depends on what is used to wipe his nose: wiping it with the hand yields only a small amount, while using a scarf, hat, or the hem of a coat allows more gold to spill out—only as much as the chosen cloth can hold.

This belief is reflected in Belarusian sayings. The phrase “Posyabrivsya z Belunom”—“I became friends with Belun”—means that someone has suddenly become wealthy or fortunate. Another saying, “It’s dark in the forest without Belun,” expresses the belief that Belun serves as a guide for those who lose their way.

Beyond granting wealth, Belun is also believed to help travelers who are lost in forests. Without speaking or revealing himself clearly, he is said to lead people back to the right path, guiding them safely to roads or villages. During harvest time, Belun is thought to be present in the fields, silently helping reapers work successfully.

In one story, a man spent the night sleeping in a rye field within a forest clearing. At dawn, he awoke to find a short, gray-haired old man bending a stalk of rye and brushing its ear against his face. The old man squinted and smiled slyly, and a large drop of dew glistened on the tip of his nose. The man immediately realized this was Belun and prepared to wipe his nose to gain wealth. But before he could act, the old man dissolved into a light cloud of pollen and vanished into the clear morning sky.

Thus, Belun remains a figure of quiet generosity and elusive fortune—a spirit who helps the humble, rewards kindness, and disappears as suddenly as he appears.

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Belun. In Bestiary.us, from https://www.bestiary.us/belun

Shatans

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternate Names: Shatany
Category: Spirit

The Myth

Shatans are strange, odd-looking beings known in Belarusian folklore. They are not considered evil or dangerous, but are instead symbols of idleness and laziness, representing a life without purpose or direction.

Shatans live in a mindless and aimless way. From morning until night, they wander about without any clear goal, never engaging in useful work. Their constant roaming serves no purpose, and those who encounter them may feel drawn into the same pointless drifting, becoming distracted or restless themselves.

They are unable to communicate properly, even among their own kind. When shatans meet one another, they do not form friendships or cooperation. In moments of danger or difficulty, they do not help each other, nor do they attempt to offer rescue or support. Each shatan exists alone, isolated even when surrounded by others.

In folklore, more aggressive supernatural beings—such as witches or other angry spirits—are said to mock, torment, or harass shatans. Being timid and cowardly, shatans usually flee or hide rather than defend themselves. In some tales, they are even killed by hostile spirits, unable or unwilling to protect themselves.

When shatans grow tired of their endless wandering, they sometimes sit down to spin bast shoes. These shoes, however, wear out very quickly, as the shatans soon return to their ceaseless roaming. The repeated making and wearing out of shoes reflects the futility of their existence—work done without meaning, undone almost as soon as it is completed.

Through the figure of the shatan, folklore presents a quiet warning: a life spent without effort, purpose, or responsibility leads only to exhaustion, vulnerability, and emptiness.

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Shatans. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatans

Lesavki

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternate Names: Lesavkas
Category: Forest dweller, Spirit

The Myth

Lesavki are described as small forest spirits in East Slavic folklore. According to some accounts, they are said to be the children of the Leshy and the Kikimora; in other versions, they are described as the Leshy’s grandfather and grandmother, reflecting differing traditions about their origin and place within the forest world.

In appearance, lesavki are said to be very small, gray, and hedgehog-like, resembling little shaggy balls of hair. They live hidden among last year’s fallen leaves on the forest floor, where they are easily overlooked. Their presence is more often sensed than seen.

Their period of activity lasts from late summer until mid-autumn. During this time, lesavki are constantly in motion: they revel, dance in circles, lift leaves, rustle, and scurry about, filling the forest with quiet movement and soft, restless sounds. After exhausting themselves, they are said to wash and then fall into a long sleep, remaining dormant for an extended period.

Lesavki are known for their mischievous behavior toward humans. They may lead travelers astray, sprinkle dust onto their heads, or wrap them in cobwebs, causing confusion and disorientation in the forest. Those who wander carelessly may suddenly lose their way, unaware that lesavki are nearby, quietly playing their tricks.

Through these stories, lesavki appear as small but active spirits of the forest floor, embodying its hidden life, movement, and playful danger, and reminding humans that the woods are never truly empty or still.

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Lesavki. In Bestiary.us, from https://www.bestiary.us/Lesavki

Babar

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Tradition / Region: Belarusian Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Bogeyman, House dweller

The Myth

Among the Belarusian Budak people living in the Nizhny Novgorod region, Babar was a creature known primarily as a figure of fear used to discipline children.

Babar was not part of heroic tales or elaborate legends. Instead, it existed in everyday speech and warning. Parents and elders invoked Babar’s name to frighten children into obedience, especially when they misbehaved or refused to listen.

No detailed appearance or specific actions are recorded. Babar functioned as an unseen presence, defined by fear rather than form. Its power lay in suggestion—the idea that something dangerous was watching or waiting.

Through Babar, children learned where they should not go and how they should behave. The creature remained vague and undefined, which made it more effective, as imagination filled in what stories did not describe.

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Eterari. In Bestiary.us, from https://www.bestiary.us/eterari/