Crocodile

Nanabolele

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Tradition / Region: Lesotho Mythology, South African Mythology
Alternative names: Dinanabolele, Linanabolele (plural)
Category: Crocodile

The Myth

The Nanabolele are fearsome reptilian creatures of Basotho folklore that dwell beneath rivers and underground. Their bodies shine in the darkness like the moon and stars, making them as beautiful as they are terrifying. They are powerful predators that devour both people and animals.

The creatures appear in the legend of Thakáne and her brothers. After her brothers completed their initiation rites, they refused to leave the mophato until they received shields, clothing, shoes, hats, and spear bindings made from Nanabolele skin. Determined to fulfill their impossible request, Thakáne journeyed in search of the monsters, guided from river to river by frogs.

At the deepest river, an old woman led Thakáne into a hidden settlement beneath the water. There she learned that the Nanabolele had devoured all the inhabitants, sparing only the old woman to serve them. When the glowing reptiles returned, Thakáne and her companions hid until the creatures fell asleep, then silently killed the largest Nanabolele and removed its hide.

The old woman gave Thakáne a magical pebble before she departed, warning that the surviving Nanabolele would pursue her. Each time the creatures caught up, the pebble transformed into a towering mountain that exhausted the reptiles as they struggled to climb it. Once they were worn out, the mountain shrank back into a pebble, allowing Thakáne to continue her journey.

When Thakáne finally reached home, she called upon the village dogs to drive the Nanabolele away. The reptiles fled back to their underwater home, and the luminous hide of the slain creature was fashioned into the clothing and equipment her brothers had demanded. In recognition of her courage and perseverance, her brothers rewarded Thakáne with one hundred head of cattle.

Sources

A Book of Creatures. (2021, April 16). Nanabolele. Retrieved June 29, 2026, from https://abookofcreatures.com/2021/04/16/nanabolele/

Cocollona

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Tradition / Region: Catalan Mythology, Spanish Mythology
Alternative names: –
Category: Crocodile

The Myth

The Cocollona is a legendary creature from the city of Girona. According to tradition, it was once a novice nun who sincerely embraced the religious life while the other nuns in her convent neglected their vows and lived carelessly.

The novice repeatedly reproached the other nuns for their behavior. In response, they imprisoned her in a dark, damp cell beneath the convent, where she remained for many years. The constant darkness and humidity gradually transformed her body, causing scales to grow until she became like a crocodile.

Because of her purity and holiness, however, she also developed beautiful butterfly wings upon her back. In this way, she became the Cocollona, a creature that was half crocodile and half butterfly.

After her death, the Cocollona returned as a ghost. It is said to swim through the waters of the Onyar River near the place where she had been imprisoned. According to the legend, only on nights of the full moon, just before dawn, can those with sensitive souls glimpse the ghostly Cocollona gliding silently along the river before disappearing with the first light of day.

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Cocollona. In Wikipedia. Retrieved June 29, 2026, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocollona

Hoaya

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Tradition / Region: Japanese Mythology
Alternative names: Boaya
Category: Crocodile

The Myth

Hoaya is a fearsome river monster described in the Edo-period works Nankai Kibun and Hyōryū Tenjiku Monogatari, which recount the travels of the sailor Sontaro after he drifted to foreign lands. The creature was said to inhabit the rivers of Banjarmasin in southern Borneo, where the local people greatly feared it and believed that killing one would inevitably bring misfortune.

The monster was described as resembling a hornless dragon, with a stern face, long manes and ears, four arms, four legs ending in four claws each, and a body measuring between six and thirteen fathoms in length. It often clung to passing boats, frightening those aboard. In another account, its body is said to have been pale black with a yellow belly and lips, extremely hard scales, and a pointed tail ending in three ridges.

According to local belief, Hoaya climbed into the mountains each spring to lay thirty-six eggs, each about the size of a temari ball. After the young hatched and entered the rivers, the parent relentlessly pursued and devoured them until only one remained. That final offspring was then raised by the parent. Boats avoided Hoaya with their young, as they were believed to become especially aggressive.

One night, a Hoaya broke through the decaying fence surrounding a riverside bathing area and attacked a night watchman, biting off one of his legs. The creature became trapped inside the enclosure, where dozens of people eventually killed it after gunfire failed to penetrate its thick scales. The wounded watchman died the following day. Although the Hoaya’s body was thrown back into the river, no further misfortunes followed, despite the widespread belief that killing one of the creatures would bring disaster.

In Nankai Kibun, the creature is identified as Boaya, which is explained to be a crocodile, although its appearance and behavior are described in a far more legendary manner. The account also suggests that the hornless river dragons described in stories from Siam may have been the same creature.

Sources

Landtman, G. (1970). The Kiwai Papuans of British New Guinea; a nature-born instance of Rousseau’s ideal community. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., p. 302.

Yamawani

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Tradition / Region: Japanese mythology
Alternate Names: Mountain crocodile
Category: Mountain dweller, yōkai, Crocodile

The Myth

In the old illustrated scroll known as the Tosa Obake Zōshi, there appears a strange creature called the Yamawani—the Mountain Crocodile.

It is shown with a grotesquely large mouth, wide and thick-lipped, dominating its face. Its body is less clearly described than its jaws, for it is the mouth that defines it: heavy, fleshy, and capable of swallowing great things in a single gulp.

In the scroll, the Yamawani is said to speak of its kin. “My cousin lives in the sea,” it boasts, referring to the crocodile or shark of the waters. “He too is thick-mouthed and can lick up anything in one bite.” The creature claims a kind of family pride in its devouring nature. Even the crocodile carved or imagined at temples—known for their gaping jaws—is said to share this thick-mouthed likeness.

The Yamawani’s voice is described as making a peculiar sound—“tickle, tickle”—as though it mutters or chuckles through its massive jaws. Whether this is a threat, a laugh, or simply the grinding of its teeth is unclear.

It is not told that it hunts men, nor that it brings disaster like other mountain spirits. Instead, it lingers in the strange borderland between beast and caricature, a mountain echo of the sea’s crocodile, defined by its monstrous mouth and its unsettling presence in the wilderness.

Thus the Yamawani remains in the scrolls: a thick-mouthed being of the mountains, grinning in silence, its jaws large enough to swallow anything in a single bite.

Sources

TYZ-Yokai Blog contributors. (n.d.). 転倒お化け (Yamawani). In TYZ-Yokai Blog, from https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010653500.html

Emobali

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Tradition / Region: Papua New Guinea Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Crocodile, Fish, Shapeshifter

The Myth

Emobali was once a Djibu boy. One day, while hunting, he shot a woman without knowing who she was. When he discovered that he had killed his own mother, grief and terror seized him. Unable to live with what he had done, Emobali went to the Binatui River at Mude and threw himself into the water.

At the place where he entered the river, a deep hollow was formed close to the bank. This deep spot is said to exist because of Emobali’s leap, and it remains as a sign of his death.

Afterward, Emobali became a spirit of the river. In the water, he appears in the form of a crocodile or a fish, moving silently beneath the surface. Yet Emobali does not only haunt the river. He also comes to people in dreams. When Djibu people sleep naked, Emobali may appear to them and instruct them, teaching medicines and giving knowledge useful for hunting and gardening.

In these dreams, he does not appear as an animal, but in his human form, as the boy he once was.

Thus Emobali lives on as a crocodile–fish spirit of the river, born from an act of tragic ignorance, dwelling in water and dreams alike, feared and respected as both a reminder of guilt and a giver of hidden knowledge.

Sources

Landtman, G. (1970). The Kiwai Papuans of British New Guinea; a nature-born instance of Rousseau’s ideal community. New York: Johnson Reprint Corp., p. 302.

Kutys

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Tradition / Region: Russian Mythology, Udmurt Mythology, Besermyan Mythology
Alternate Names: Vu Kutys (“Water Kutys”), Kutesi (Besermyan)
Category: Swamp Dweller, Spirit, Disease

The Myth

Kutys is a spirit that dwells near water, feared by people and animals alike. His name means “the one who seizes,” and when he acts, it is said that he truly grabs hold of his victims.

Kutys lives at springs, at the sources of rivers and streams, and in ravines where water once flowed. Even when a ravine dries in summer, Kutys may still remain there, unseen. Wherever he lives, sickness and terror follow. When he becomes angry, he punishes people and livestock first with sudden, unexplainable fear, and then with illness. Boils, scabs, erysipelas, abscesses, and wasting pains appear without warning. Sometimes Kutys inspires fear by wild, inhuman cries, and sometimes by appearing in dreadful forms, neither fully man nor beast.

Near the village of Omutnitsy, far from the town of Glazov, there is a spring where Kutys is said to live even now. Above the spring lies a marshy ravine covered with tangled growth. Kutys guards a hidden treasure there. On hot summer days, people or horses who approach the upper part of the ravine may be seized. Breath becomes difficult, strength drains away, the stomach tightens inward, fever and trembling begin, and soon the whole body falls into sickness. This suffering can last for days and may end in death unless Kutys is appeased with sacrifice.

Once, men building a bridge over the stream called Yazinets slept beside their work. At midnight they were awakened by a terrible roar. At the head of the stream they saw a gigantic figure advancing toward them, something neither clearly human nor animal. In panic, they fled to the village, leaving their clothes and belongings behind.

To protect themselves, people make offerings to Kutys. Small loaves of bread, egg-filled pies, pancakes, grains of barley tied in cloth, copper coins, or even a live chicken with bound legs are given at springs and streams. Some throw grain mixed with salt, bits of cloth, or small dolls into the water or onto the ground where Kutys dwells. This act of offering is meant to calm him and release those he has seized.

Kutys is closely bound to water itself. Those who curse into water, spit, blow their nose, or behave disrespectfully near springs risk being taken by him. Among the Besermyans, Kutys is believed to be the spirit of those who died unnatural deaths, or of infants who died without being named. Such spirits linger near their burial places and seize anyone who steps upon them.

Thus Kutys remains a presence of sudden fear and sudden illness, a reminder that water is not only life-giving but dangerous, and that unseen hands may still reach up from springs and ravines to seize the careless.

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Kutys. In Bestiary.us — Mythical Creatures of the World, from https://www.bestiary.us/kutys#