Tradition: Japanese Mythology, Chinese Mythology
Alternative Names: Tenghuang, Chenghuang, Feihuang, Guhuang, Cuihuang
Category: Fox
The Myth
Tōkō is a rare mythical beast resembling a fox, with flames surrounding its shoulders, two horns growing from its back, and a long tail. According to legend, it has existed in Japan since the age of the gods, surviving for two thousand years before travelling to Tang China. Its unusual appearance combines the form of a fox with fiery features and hornlike protrusions, distinguishing it from ordinary animals and marking it as a creature of extraordinary power.
In China, Tōkō became the mount of the Yellow Emperor, who rode upon its back while travelling throughout the land. During these journeys, the emperor taught people how to ride horses for the first time. One tradition suggests that the famous account of the Yellow Emperor travelling across the world on an eight-winged dragon actually describes Tōkō. The beast was therefore associated with imperial journeys, ancient wisdom, and the spread of knowledge among humanity.
Tōkō is connected with other mythical beasts described in Chinese traditions, including Chenghuang, a foxlike creature with horns on its back. According to legend, riding Chenghuang grants a lifespan of two thousand years. Other creatures, known as Feihuang, Guhuang, and Cuihuang, have also been associated with Tōkō because of their similar supernatural characteristics. Tōkō’s image was even included among the mythical beasts embroidered on ceremonial decorations displayed beneath the eaves of the Japanese imperial palace when the emperor ascended the throne.
Sources
“東光 (Tōkō).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1063271583.html