Shiroukari

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: 白うかり, Shiro-ukari
Category: Ghost


The Myth

Shiroukari is a strange yokai depicted in certain Japanese illustrated scrolls of supernatural creatures. As its name suggests, it has a completely white body. Its torso is long and slender, giving it an unusual, elongated appearance. It also possesses a beard and hair growing beneath its arms, distinguishing its body from that of an ordinary human.

Shiroukari appears in the Hyakki Yagyō Emaki, an illustrated scroll of supernatural beings created by Oda Yoshikiyo in 1832 and preserved in the Matsui Collection in Kumamoto Prefecture. The scroll depicts 58 different yokai, including several that are unnamed. Shiroukari is one of the unusual creatures whose appearance survives through these illustrated depictions, but no further details about its origins, behavior, or supernatural abilities are recorded.


Sources

“白浮 (Shiro-Ukari).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010654406.html


Omoshiroshi

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: 面白, Omoshiroshi
Category: Ghost


The Myth

Omoshiroshi is a strange supernatural being depicted as a ghostly figure with only its upper body visible. It wears a white burial kimono, known as a shiro-muku, and has a completely white face without eyes, a nose, or any other facial features. Its blank, featureless head gives it an eerie and unsettling appearance.

Omoshiroshi appears in the Kaidō Zukan, an illustrated scroll of supernatural creatures painted by Miyagawa Shunsui during the middle of Japan’s Edo period. The surviving depiction shows only the creature’s upper body, dressed entirely in white, with its smooth face lacking any recognizable human features. No further details about its behavior, origins, or supernatural abilities are recorded.


Sources

. “おもしろし (Omoshiroshi).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010654296.html


Kaeru Nyōbō

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Bikki no Yomekko, Frog Wife, Kaeru Nyobo
Category: Frog


The Myth

Kaeru Nyōbō, meaning “frog wife,” is a magical frog that transforms into a human woman to marry a human man. In her human form, she behaves like an ordinary wife, but she is usually extremely small and fragile, sometimes no taller than a child of three or four years. Although willing to help with household chores, she lacks the strength to perform heavy work. As long as her true identity remains hidden, she can live happily with her human husband for many years. However, if he discovers her secret and sees her transform back into a frog, the marriage ends in tragedy.

One legend tells of an impoverished old man and his son who desperately wished for a wife for the young man. One day, a tiny woman arrived at their door and asked whether they would accept her as a bride. The delighted father welcomed her, and she married his son. The woman was soaking wet despite the absence of rain, but the family warmed her by the fire and accepted her despite her unusual size. She could not perform heavy household work, yet the men were satisfied with their new family member.

Some time later, the woman needed to attend a memorial service for her father. Although they were poor, her husband and father-in-law gave her a sack of rice to bring as a gift. The load was so heavy that she was crushed flat beneath it. The men removed rice until only five cups remained, allowing her to regain her normal shape and carry the smaller load. Suspicious of her strange weakness, the old man told his son to follow her. The young husband watched her travel deep into the mountains until she reached a marsh, looked around, and leapt into the water. Unable to see her beneath the surface, he listened to the croaking of frogs and realized that they were speaking. His wife explained that the sack of rice had delayed her, and the frogs began chanting Buddhist prayers for the memorial service.

Horrified to discover that he had married a frog, the young man threw a rock into the water, striking the frog priest and abruptly silencing the prayers. He returned home and told his father what had happened. When his wife arrived later that night, she explained that a huge rock had fallen from the sky and struck the priest during the ceremony. Her husband confronted her, revealing that he had witnessed everything and had thrown the stone himself. The woman was devastated that her secret had been exposed. She covered her face in embarrassment, transformed back into a frog, and hopped out of the house. She was never seen again. The tale ends with a warning that one should not accept just anyone as a marriage partner simply because one is desperate to find a spouse.


Sources

“Kaeru Nyōbō (蛙女房).” Yokai.com: The Database of Japanese Folklore. https://yokai.com/kaerunyoubou/


Dousai

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Toad
Category: Frog


The Myth

Dousai is a supernatural toad said to be capable of taking the form of a beautiful woman. One night, a woodcutter staying in a mountain hut witnessed a mysterious woman spinning thread on a spinning wheel by the light of a lantern. Her presence in the remote hut was strange, and the woodcutter grew suspicious of the apparition.

Remaining awake throughout the night, the woodcutter took aim with his gun and fired at the lantern. The bullet struck the Dousai in the eye, revealing the creature’s true nature. The toad died from the wound, ending its mysterious appearance in the mountain hut.


Sources

“道災 (Dōsai).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010655107.html


Yadomori

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Toad Monster
Category: Frog


The Myth

Yadomori is a supernatural toad associated with a frightening warning against killing its kind. According to Japanese legend, anyone who kills a Yadomori will face a terrible consequence, as the slain toad transforms into a monstrous spirit that returns to haunt people in their beds.

The creature is depicted alongside Umakotsu, a supernatural being associated with horse bones, in the Tosa Obake Zōshi, a Japanese ghost scroll. Its legend centres on vengeance after death, portraying the toad as a creature whose killing can bring about a terrifying supernatural visitation.


Sources

“宿守 (Yadomori).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010654263.html


Ōgama

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Bakegama, Giant Toad
Category: Frog


The Myth

Ōgama are enormous supernatural toads that inhabit remote mountains and rivers. They can grow to incredible sizes, becoming more dangerous as they age. Their bodies may be so large that they resemble boulders or other natural features, allowing them to remain unnoticed beside ponds and streams. Their long, powerful tongues are both agile and sticky, capable of snatching creatures and dragging them into their enormous mouths. When they exhale, their breath appears in rainbow colours. Some Ōgama can also wield spears to attack humans and transform themselves into human shapes to deceive unsuspecting travellers.

According to Japanese tradition, an ordinary Japanese toad becomes an Ōgama after living for a thousand years. These creatures retain many of the habits of ordinary toads, hunting insects, birds, and snakes in the wilderness. They breathe their strange rainbow-coloured vapour upon their prey before catching it with their powerful tongues. Although they usually avoid human settlements, the largest Ōgama may regard humans as food once they grow beyond three metres in length. Even smaller individuals can be dangerous when provoked, using their intelligence and weapons to pursue people.

In Miyagi Prefecture, a famous marksman heard stories of an old woman who appeared at a dilapidated house beside a bridge every night to spin thread. Her neighbours feared that she was a demon. When the marksman first confronted her, her disturbing smile and cackle frightened him so much that he fired at her heart. The lantern beside her immediately went out, plunging the surroundings into darkness. The next morning, the woman had disappeared without a trace. Several nights later, he returned and fired directly at her lantern instead. This time, he heard a terrible shriek and a clattering sound as the light vanished. At dawn, he discovered the corpse of an enormous, hideous toad where the old woman had stood. The mysterious woman had been an Ōgama in disguise.

Another encounter occurred in the mountains of Niigata Prefecture, where a man went fishing beside a secluded pond. He settled comfortably upon a large boulder at the water’s edge and cast his line. A fisherman on the opposite bank suddenly noticed something horrifying and hurriedly gathered his equipment before fleeing. He motioned for the other man to follow, and once they had escaped into the woods, he explained what he had witnessed: the supposed boulder had opened an enormous eye, red as fire, and yawned. When the two men returned to investigate, the boulder had vanished completely. The object on which the fisherman had been sitting was actually a gigantic Ōgama, resting motionless beside the pond until its true nature was revealed.


Sources

“Ōgama (大蝦蟇).” Yokai.com: The Database of Japanese Folklore. https://yokai.com/oogama/


Baidoku Daiō

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: King of Venereal Disease, Bai Doku Daiō, Golden-Haired Nine-Tailed White-Faced Fox
Category: Fox


The Myth

Baidoku Daiō, the King of Venereal Disease, is a terrifying supernatural being born from the accumulated yin energy of the world since the beginning of creation. In his original form, he is a golden-haired, nine-tailed, white-faced fox capable of flying freely through the cosmos and transforming into different shapes. His ultimate ambition is to exterminate humanity and turn every land into a realm of demons. Throughout the ages, he has repeatedly assumed the identities of infamous women to spread destruction. He first appeared as Daji, the consort of King Zhou of Shang, encouraging the tyrant’s cruelty and plunging his kingdom into disorder. He later became the wife of King Ban足 in India, disguised as a peasant’s daughter near Mount Huayang, where he once again committed atrocities, attacked Buddhism, and sought to slaughter the population. Finally, he travelled to Japan and became Tamamo-no-Mae, the beloved courtesan of Emperor Toba. His true nature was exposed once more, and he was hunted down and killed in the plains of Nasu. Although his immense lifespan finally appeared to end, his spirit continued to haunt the world by possessing a stone that harmed both people and animals. The monk Genno eventually shattered the stone with his staff, apparently destroying the fox’s remaining spirit.

However, the fox’s scattered spiritual remnants gathered again in the Lingnan region of China, where they took human form and acquired new supernatural powers. The resurrected demon transformed into Baidoku, a terrible and difficult-to-cure disease, and gathered eighty-four thousand followers to launch another campaign of slaughter against humanity. As Baidoku Daiō, he appears as an imposing ruler dressed in mould-coloured robes and ceremonial headwear. His army consists of horrifying disease generals, including Fistula, Poisonous Infection, Residual Poison, and Wax-Candle Chancre, whose monstrous bodies reflect the diseases they represent. Together, the King and his vast army seek to spread sickness throughout the human body, imagined as a kingdom under siege.

Baidoku Daiō eventually appears before Junjoku, a physician devoted to treating venereal disease, disguised as a woman. He warns the physician to abandon his medical research, but when Junjoku recognizes his true identity, the demon reveals his fox form and attacks him with foul-smelling poisonous vapours. The physician is saved by Raishin, a divine general who is the son of King Wen’s descendant Jichang and now guards the heavenly imperial palace. Raishin drives the fox away, beginning a great supernatural war between the forces of disease and the defenders of the human body. Junjoku and Raishin are aided by medicinal generals, including Enjumaru, Chisōmaru, and Baikōsan, whose powers represent the healing effects of different remedies. In the final battle, Enjumaru defeats the disease general Rōreki, after which Baidoku Daiō himself is beheaded. With their leader destroyed, the army of disease collapses. Junjoku then awakens in his study, realizing that the entire battle was a dream. Inspired by the vision, he prepares a medicine to treat venereal disease and rejoices that his long-standing ambition to develop an effective remedy has finally been fulfilled.


Sources

“黴毒大王 [ばいどくだいおう] (Baidoku Daiō).” 新版TYZ 妖怪図鑑 (New TYZ Yokai Encyclopedia). https://tyz-yokai.blog.jp/archives/1010655118.html


Tenko

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Heavenly Fox, Tenko (天狐)
Category: Fox


The Myth

Tenko are the highest-ranking and most powerful of the benevolent kitsune, possessing divine abilities comparable to those of the gods. They are usually described as fox spirits that have lived for a thousand years, attaining extraordinary wisdom and supernatural power through centuries of cultivation. Their fur may be golden, silver, or white, and they are often depicted with multiple bushy tails, commonly four. As spiritual beings without permanent physical bodies, they can assume different appearances, frequently manifesting as beautiful, goddess-like figures. Having reached the highest stage of fox cultivation, they no longer need to feed on human life force and abandon the wicked behaviour associated with less advanced fox spirits.

Tenko are noble and benevolent beings who may be worshipped as gods by humans. They grant blessings, favours, and supernatural assistance to those who revere them. Although they can possess human beings, their possession differs from the harmful influence associated with malevolent fox spirits. A person inhabited by a tenko may acquire the spirit’s extraordinary clairvoyance, gaining the ability to predict future events accurately. Their divine status distinguishes them from younger kitsune, which are often more mischievous, deceptive, or dangerous.

According to Japanese traditions concerning kitsune, fox spirits belong to a hierarchy in which age, wisdom, and spiritual cultivation determine their rank. One classification divides benevolent foxes, known as zenko, into five kinds: tenko, kinko or golden foxes, ginko or silver foxes, kuroko or black foxes, and byakko or white foxes. Another classification places wild foxes, called nogitsune, at the lowest level, followed by kiko, or spirit foxes, then kūko, or void foxes, and finally tenko at the highest rank. These celestial foxes represent the ultimate development of kitsune power, having transcended their earthly nature and attained a divine existence.


Sources

“Tenko.” Yokai.com: The Database of Japanese Folklore. https://yokai.com/tenko/


Tamamo-no-Mae

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Tamamo-no-Gozen, Lady Kayō, Nine-Tailed Fox, Tamamo
Category: Fox


The Myth

Tamamo-no-Mae was a beautiful and extraordinarily intelligent woman who served as a courtesan at the court of Emperor Konoe. Her beauty and knowledge made her the emperor’s favourite, and she seemed capable of answering every question put to her. Yet beneath her elegant appearance lurked a powerful nine-tailed fox spirit whose true nature remained hidden. Through her supernatural influence, she caused the emperor to fall gravely ill, threatening the stability of the imperial court.

Unable to explain the emperor’s mysterious illness, the court summoned the astrologer Abe no Yasuchika. He eventually discovered that Tamamo-no-Mae was not human but a fox spirit using her beauty and intelligence to deceive the ruler. Once her identity was revealed, the emperor ordered warriors Kazusa-no-suke and Miura-no-suke to hunt her down. They pursued her to the plains of Nasu, where they finally killed the supernatural fox. However, her death did not end her power, and her vengeful spirit continued to haunt the land.

According to legend, Tamamo-no-Mae’s spirit entered a stone known as the Sesshō-seki, or Killing Stone. The stone released poisonous vapours that killed birds, animals, and anyone unfortunate enough to approach it. Eventually, the Buddhist monk Gennō Shinshō travelled to the stone and performed religious rites to free the spirit from its curse. He broke the stone apart and held a memorial service for Tamamo-no-Mae, allowing her repentant spirit to find peace. The legend of Tamamo-no-Mae also connects her to earlier incarnations in China and India, where she allegedly disguised herself as royal concubines and manipulated rulers, bringing terror and disorder to their kingdoms before fleeing to Japan.


Sources

“Tamamo-no-Mae.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamamo-no-Mae


Inari Ōkami

Tradition: Japanese Mythology
Alternative Names: Ō-Inari, Inari, Inari Daimyōjin
Category: Fox, Deity


The Myth

Inari Ōkami is a powerful Japanese kami associated with rice, fertility, agriculture, tea, sake, industry, and prosperity. Often depicted as either a beautiful young woman or an elderly man carrying sheaves of rice, Inari can appear in different forms and is sometimes understood as a collective of several deities. Inari’s name is associated with the bearing and cultivation of rice, and the kami is closely connected with the abundance of the harvest and the success of human livelihoods. Inari is also revered as a protector of merchants, swordsmiths, and warriors, granting prosperity and worldly success to those who honor the deity.

According to one legend, Inari descended from heaven during an ancient famine that threatened Japan. Riding upon a white fox and carrying sheaves of grain, the kami brought nourishment to a land of swamps and waters. The grain Inari carried was said to be an ancient cereal that grew in marshy ground before rice cultivation became widespread. Another tale tells of a wealthy man named Hata no Irogu who used rice cakes as targets for archery practice. Angered by this disrespect toward a divine gift, the rice kami flew away in the form of a white bird and landed on a mountain. The man recognized his mistake and established a shrine at the place where the bird had settled. The bird then transformed into a growing rice plant, and the mountain became a sacred place of worship.

Inari’s most recognizable companions are the white kitsune, or fox spirits, who serve as divine messengers. Although Inari is often mistakenly imagined as a fox, the kami and the foxes are distinct beings. The foxes are associated with the protection of rice fields and the delivery of offerings, and people traditionally presented them with red rice and fried tofu. Inari is also connected with magical jewels, sacred scrolls, sheaves of rice, sickles, and swords. The deity’s worship spread throughout Japan, and Inari became a protector of temples, households, businesses, and craftsmen. Inari’s powers extend beyond agriculture, encompassing wealth, trade, food, and the general prosperity of those who seek the kami’s favour.


Sources

“Inari Ōkami.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami