Mythology

Keukegen

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Tradition / Region: Japanese Mythology
Alternate Names: 毛羽毛現, Keugegen (variant reading)
Category: Dog, Yokai

The Myth

Keukegen are strange little creatures said to dwell in neglected homes and damp places where dirt gathers and sickness lingers.

They are described as being about the size of a small dog, but their true form is hard to see clearly. From a distance they appear as nothing more than a lump of long, filthy hair. Up close, the mass shifts and moves, revealing a living creature hidden beneath the tangled fur.

These beings prefer cool, dark, and moist places. They settle beneath floorboards, inside moldy closets, or in abandoned corners of houses where dust, rot, and still air collect. Gardens choked with weeds and damp refuse are also said to attract them.

Though they may seem harmless, Keukegen are not welcome visitors. Wherever they settle, sickness soon follows. People in the house begin to fall ill, fevers spread, and misfortune seems to cling to the place. Because the creatures are shy and rarely show themselves, many only realize they are present when illness has already taken hold.

They do not attack openly and usually avoid being seen. Some who claim to have glimpsed one are dismissed as imagining things, yet the signs of its presence — sickness, weakness, and bad luck — are said to be unmistakable.

The only sure way to drive a Keukegen away is simple: clean the house. Fresh air, sunlight, and order force the creature to leave, for it cannot live where a home is well kept.

Thus Keukegen are remembered as small, filthy spirits that creep into neglected places, bringing disease in their wake, and fleeing wherever cleanliness and care take root.

Gallery

Sources

Foster, M. D. (n.d.). Keukegen. In yokai.com, from https://yokai.com/keukegen/

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Bellenman

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Tradition / Region: Dutch Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Dog

The Myth

In the provinces of Noord-Brabant and Limburg, people once spoke of a night spirit known as the Bellenman.

He was said to take the form of a hideous dog or a wolf-like creature, sometimes described as almost a werewolf. Around his neck hung a bell, and chains dragged along his body. Even when he could not be seen, people claimed they could hear the rattling of iron and the dull ringing that announced his presence in the darkness.

The Bellenman was most often encountered by those walking alone at night. Travelers would suddenly sense that something was following them. Footsteps would sound behind them, or the noise of chains would scrape along the road. If they turned, they might see nothing — or only a shadowy shape keeping pace just beyond sight.

He did not usually attack. Instead, he followed his victim silently, driving them forward in fear. The spirit would pursue a person all the way to their door, only stopping once they had reached their home. Then the sounds would cease, and the night would fall quiet again.

Because he was often invisible, many believed the Bellenman belonged more to the world of ghosts than to that of living beasts — a restless presence that wandered the roads after dark, heard before he was ever seen.

And so those who traveled late at night were warned to listen carefully, for the faint ringing of a bell or the dragging of chains might mean that the Bellenman had begun to follow.

Gallery

Sources

Abe de Verteller. (n.d.). Van aardmannetje tot zwarte juffer: Een lijst van Nederlandse en Vlaamse elfen en geesten. In abedeverteller.nl, from https://abedeverteller.nl/van-aardmannetje-tot-zwarte-juffer-een-lijst-van-nederlandse-en-vlaamse-elfen-en-geesten/

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Qiqirn

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Tradition / Region: Inuit Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Dog

The Myth

The Qiqirn is a spirit-dog spoken of in the traditions of the Inuit of Baffin Island.

It is said to appear as a large and unnatural animal, almost entirely bald. Only small patches of hair grow upon it — on its feet, around its mouth, and at the tips of its ears and tail. Its body is otherwise bare, giving it a strange and unsettling appearance.

The Qiqirn is feared not because it attacks, but because of the effect its presence has on the living. When it draws near, both men and dogs may suddenly fall into violent convulsions. These seizures can be so severe that they bring death.

Yet the spirit itself is not brave. Though it brings terror, it is said to fear humans. If it is seen by an angakkuq, a shaman, the Qiqirn will not approach but will flee at once, retreating from the power of the one who can see into the spirit world.

Other Inuit stories tell of similar beings, such as malevolent earth spirits that also appear in the shape of hairless dogs. These too belong to the unseen world that moves alongside the world of people, where spirits may wander close enough to be glimpsed, and where their presence can bring danger or misfortune.

So the Qiqirn is remembered as a spirit that walks the boundary between worlds — a strange, silent dog whose appearance alone can shake the living.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Qiqirn. In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiqirn

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Petitcrieu

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Tradition / Region: Welsh Mythology
Alternate Names: Petitcreiu, Petitcru, Pticru
Category: Dog

The Myth

Petitcrieu was a wondrous dog said to come from the enchanted isle of Avalon. He belonged to Duke Gilan of Wales, who had received him as a gift from a goddess who loved him.

The little dog was unlike any creature of the ordinary world. His coat shimmered with many colors, beautiful beyond description, and around his neck he wore a collar with a small golden bell. Whenever the bell rang, its sound filled all who heard it with joy and drove away sorrow and grief.

Petitcrieu was a strange being even among magical creatures. He could not move on his own and had to be carried wherever he went. He never ate and seemed to have no need of food. He simply existed as a living marvel, bringing comfort to those near him.

When the knight Tristan was living in exile from Cornwall, he came to the court of Duke Gilan. The Duke, wishing to cheer his guest, showed him the fairy dog. Tristan was deeply taken with the creature and resolved to win him.

A giant named Urgan was troubling the land, and Tristan promised that if he defeated the giant, the Duke would grant him whatever reward he chose. Tristan fought and killed the giant, and when the time came to claim his prize, he asked for Petitcrieu.

The Duke honored his word, and Tristan took the dog with him. But Tristan did not keep the magical creature for himself. Instead, he sent Petitcrieu to Iseult, the woman he loved, hoping the bell’s enchantment would keep her forever free from sorrow.

When Iseult received the dog, she understood the magic of the bell and what it would do to her heart. She did not wish to live without grief, nor to have her true feelings hidden behind enchantment. Taking the collar, she removed the golden bell and cast it into the sea.

From that moment, Petitcrieu’s magic could no longer banish sadness. Yet the little dog remained with her, no longer a charm against sorrow but a faithful companion who stayed beside her in both happiness and grief.

And so the fairy dog of Avalon passed from being a creature of enchantment to one of quiet loyalty, remembered in the tales of Tristan and Iseult.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Petitcrieu. In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petitcrieu

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Maera

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Tradition / Region: Greek Mythology
Alternate Names: Maira
Category: Dog

The Myth

Maera was the faithful hound of Erigone, daughter of Icarius of Athens.

Icarius was a man favored by the god Dionysus, who taught him the art of making wine. Carrying this new gift, Icarius traveled the countryside and shared the drink with shepherds he met along the way. But the men, unaccustomed to wine, soon became drunk and confused. Believing that Icarius had poisoned them, they killed him and buried his body.

When Icarius did not return, his daughter Erigone set out to search for him. She was accompanied by Maera, who guided her on the journey. The dog followed the trail until at last he led her to the place where her father lay buried.

When Erigone discovered the grave, she was overcome with grief. Unable to bear the loss, she fastened a noose and hanged herself from a tree. Seeing his mistress dead, Maera too was seized by sorrow and threw himself from a cliff.

When Dionysus learned what had happened, he was filled with anger at the injustice done to Icarius and the fate of his daughter. He sent a madness upon the women of Athens. One after another, unmarried girls were driven to hang themselves, as Erigone had done. The city fell into terror, and the deaths did not cease.

At last the Athenians sought to appease the god. They established rites in honor of Icarius and Erigone, remembering their suffering and giving them due reverence. Only then did the plague lift.

In memory of them, the gods placed the three together in the heavens. Icarius became the constellation Boötes, Erigone became Virgo, and Maera was set among the stars as the bright star Procyon, where the faithful dog still shines beside them.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Maera (hound). In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maera_(hound)

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Irawaru

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Tradition / Region: Māori Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Dog

The Myth

In the ancient stories of the Māori, Irawaru is remembered as the origin of the dog.

He was the husband of Hinauri, who was the sister of the trickster hero Māui. One day Māui and Irawaru went out together, and during their time together Māui became angered with his brother-in-law. Some say Māui envied Irawaru’s success in fishing. Others say he was offended by Irawaru’s greed, or angered when Irawaru refused him a cloak. Whatever the cause, Māui resolved to punish him.

When they returned home, Māui seized Irawaru and stretched out his body. He pulled his limbs until they changed shape, lengthening and bending them. In this way he transformed the man into the first dog.

Afterward, Hinauri searched for her husband and asked Māui where he had gone. Māui told her to stand and call out, “Moi! Moi!”

When she called, a dog came running toward her. Only then did she realize the truth — that the animal was her husband, changed by Māui’s hand.

Overcome with grief, Hinauri left the world of people. She cast herself into the sea, into the domain of Tangaroa, and was not seen again.

Other traditions tell that long after these events, when the voyager Kupe reached Aotearoa, three sacred dogs came with him from Hawaiki. These were not ordinary animals but spirit guardians. They were sent to the far northern headland to watch over the path of souls, guiding the dead as they departed for the afterlife. The people who settled there later became known as Ngāti Kurī, the people of the dogs.

From these stories it is remembered that dogs were not merely animals but sacred companions. They guarded homes, warned of danger, and stood watch against unseen spirits, bound to humankind since the first transformation of Irawaru.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Irawaru. In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irawaru

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Hecuba

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Tradition / Region: Greek Mythology
Alternate Names: Hekabe
Category: Dog, Transformation figure, Tragic queen

The Myth

Hecuba was the queen of Troy, wife of King Priam and mother of many children. During the war with the Greeks, her sons and daughters were slain, and her city was destroyed. When Troy finally fell, she was taken captive by the victors and led away into slavery.

In one tale, as she was handed over to Odysseus, grief and fury overcame her. She cursed him, snarling like a wild beast. Because of her rage and the depth of her suffering, the gods transformed her into a dog. In this form she escaped her captors, and it is said that the goddess Hecate later took her in as one of her sacred companions.

Another story tells that her transformation came after an even greater sorrow. When the war ended, Hecuba learned that her daughter Polyxena had been sacrificed at Achilles’ tomb. Soon after, the body of her son Polydorus was discovered on the shore, murdered despite having been sent away for safety. Seeing the corpses of her children, the queen’s mind broke beneath the weight of grief. She cried out and howled like a dog, and her voice lost all human sound.

In some tellings, this madness became a true change. Driven beyond reason, she threw herself into the sea. There she was transformed into a she-dog with blazing eyes. Her body was later said to rest at a place called Kynosema, the “Dog’s Grave,” a headland known to sailors who passed that shore.

Yet another version says that after her transformation she did not perish, but was taken by the goddess Hecate. The goddess made her one of the spirits that follow her, a canine presence moving between the world of the living and the dead.

So Hecuba, once queen of mighty Troy, was remembered not only for her sorrow, but for the strange fate that turned her from a grieving mother into a creature of the night.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Hecuba. In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hecuba

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Dog King

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Tradition / Region: Danish Mythology, Swedish Mythology, Icelandic Mythology
Alternate Names: Raka, Rakke, Rakken, Saurr
Category: Dog: Mock king / royal animal

The Myth

In the old northern histories, there are tales of a strange and humiliating rule — the time when a dog was made king over men.

One version tells that after the deaths of the Danish rulers Haldan and Helgi, the Danes fell under the power of a foreign king from Sweden. Instead of sending them a prince or governor, the conqueror sent them a small dog and commanded that it should be their king. He warned that anyone who brought him news of the dog’s death would pay with his life.

The Danes were forced to accept the animal as their ruler. For a time the dog was treated with ceremony and obedience. But one day, when larger dogs began fighting, the small royal dog leapt among them and was torn apart.

No one dared announce what had happened. At last a herdsman named Snyo went to the foreign king’s court. Speaking in riddles and clever words, he maneuvered the king into declaring the dog dead himself. Because the king had spoken it, Snyo was spared and was then made king of Denmark in the animal’s place.

Another northern tale tells of a conqueror who invaded Norway and defeated its aged ruler. To shame the defeated people, he placed a dog upon the throne and ruled the country through officials who acted in the animal’s name. The dog was surrounded by nobles and guards, and strict laws were given that anyone who failed to show it proper honor would be punished. Thus the land was forced to bow before a beast.

A further story speaks of King Eysteinn, who conquered the region of Trondheim. After the people killed the son he had set over them, the king returned in anger and gave them a cruel choice: they must take either his slave Thorer or his dog Saurr as their new ruler.

Believing a dog would be easier to endure, the people chose Saurr.

The dog was treated as a true king. He was given a golden collar, a throne, attendants, and a great hall to dwell in. Judgments were issued in his name, and decrees were marked with the print of his paw. For three years the land lived under the rule of the animal king.

At last wolves broke into the fold where Saurr was kept and tore him to pieces. So ended the strange reign of the dog king.

Yet the memory of these tales remained strong enough that poets spoke of the time when men bowed to a dog, and songs were even sung in honor of the beast who had once worn a crown.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Dog king. In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_king

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Argos

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Tradition / Region: Greek mythology
Alternate Names: Argus
Category: Dog

The Myth

Argos was the hunting dog of Odysseus, king of Ithaca.

He had been bred as a strong and swift hound, and while Odysseus was still young, the dog was raised with care and trained for the hunt. Though the king departed for the Trojan War before they could hunt together, Argos grew into a fine dog. In those days he was used by other young men to track deer, wild goats, and hares, and none could outrun him.

But Odysseus did not return when the war ended. Years passed, and then more years still. Believing their master dead, the household fell into disorder. Servants grew careless, and the palace filled with arrogant suitors seeking the hand of Odysseus’s wife, Penelope.

With no one left to care for him, Argos was cast aside. Once a proud hunting dog, he was left to lie neglected outside the palace. Old age overtook him, and he lay upon heaps of dung near the gates, his body weak, his fur matted, and parasites clinging to him. There he waited, barely able to move.

Twenty years after he had left home, Odysseus at last returned to Ithaca. The goddess Athena disguised him as an old beggar so that he might enter his own house unseen and judge the situation within.

As he approached the palace with the swineherd Eumaeus, Argos lay nearby. Though nearly blind and too weak to rise, the dog heard the voice of his master. At once he knew him.

Argos dropped his ears and began to wag his tail. He tried to rise, but his strength failed him, and he could only stretch out where he lay.

Odysseus saw the dog and knew him as well. Yet he dared not show recognition, for fear of revealing himself too soon. Turning his face aside so that Eumaeus would not see, he wiped away a tear.

He asked the swineherd about the dog, speaking as though he were a stranger. Eumaeus told him that the animal had once belonged to Odysseus and had been unmatched in the hunt, but since the king had gone to Troy, no one had cared for him.

As they spoke, the two men went inside the palace.

Argos, having seen his master return at last, closed his eyes. His watch was over. There, at the gate of the house he had guarded all his life, the faithful dog died.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Argos (dog). In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argos_(dog)

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Aralez

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Tradition / Region: Armenian mythology
Alternate Names: Arlez, Yaralez (Haralez)
Category: Dog

The Myth

The Aralez are winged, dog-like spirits spoken of in Armenian tradition. They are said to descend from the sky onto the bodies of fallen heroes. By licking the wounds of the dead, they are able to restore life to those whom fate has taken in battle. Because of this power, they are remembered as beings tied to war, kingship, and the hope that a great warrior might yet rise again.

Their most famous appearance is in the tale of Ara the Handsome, the legendary king of Armenia.

Ara was renowned for his beauty and strength, and his fame spread far beyond his kingdom. The Assyrian queen Semiramis, called Shamiram, heard of him and desired him for herself. She sent envoys offering riches and power if he would come to her, but Ara refused, unwilling to abandon his homeland.

Enraged and determined to possess him, Shamiram gathered her army and marched against Armenia. She commanded her soldiers not to kill Ara, but to capture him alive. Yet in the chaos of battle, he was struck down and killed.

When the fighting ended and Ara lay dead among the fallen, Shamiram was filled with grief and fury. She ordered that his body be taken and placed high upon a platform. Then she called upon the Aralez, the spirits who revive the dead. She prayed that they would descend from the heavens, lick the wounds of the slain king, and restore him to life.

It is said that she waited, hoping the winged spirits would come and raise him again, but Ara did not return to the living.

Stories of the Aralez did not end with Ara. In later times, when the noble Mushegh Mamikonian was killed, his relatives placed his body upon a high tower. They believed that if the corpse were left exposed to the sky, the Aralez might descend and bring him back to life, just as they were once called upon for the ancient king.

Because of such beliefs, towers and high places were sometimes linked with the hope that the Aralez might come, for they were thought to travel from the heavens and seek out the fallen who were worthy of resurrection.

Thus the Aralez remain in Armenian memory as sacred beasts of the sky, watchers over the dead, who come only for heroes whose fate may yet be undone.

Gallery

Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Aralez (mythology). In Wikipedia, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aralez_(mythology)

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