Ma-Kishi

Tradition / Region: Angolan Mythology
Alternative Name: Makishi, Ma-kishi
Category: Forest dweller


The Myth

The Ma-Kishi are supernatural beings from Angolan folklore, often associated with the spirit world, forests, and dangerous encounters with humans. In many tales, they appear as mysterious spirit-like people who live apart from ordinary society and interact with humans through deception, hunting, or abduction.

In one story, several girls escaped from the Ma-Kishi and climbed to the top of a tree to hide from them. The Ma-Kishi followed their tracks and surrounded the tree, preparing to cut it down with their hatchets so the girls would fall into their hands. As the tree began to collapse, the girls begged a great Hawk flying overhead to save them. The Hawk carried the girls across the river one by one, rescuing them from the spirits before the tree finally fell.

Other tales portray the Ma-Kishi as beings who lure or capture humans. One legend tells of a spirit called Di-kishi who encountered a young girl named Samba while she was alone near the fields. The spirit brought her into the world of the Ma-Kishi, where the other beings wished to eat her, though Di-kishi instead wanted to marry her. Later, Samba escaped with her children while the Ma-Kishi pursued her across the land.

The Ma-Kishi are frequently portrayed as powerful and dangerous beings connected to wilderness, isolation, and the unseen world. In Angolan folklore they appear as enemies, kidnappers, hunters, or supernatural tribes living beyond ordinary human society.


Sources

Chatelain, H. (1894). Folk-tales of Angola; fifty tales with Kimbundu text, liberal English translation, introduction, and notes. Boston: American Folk-lore Society.




Kituta

Tradition / Region: Angolan Mythology
Also Known As: Kituta Spirit
Category: Ghost


The Myth

In Angolan folklore, Kituta is a supernatural spirit associated with transformation and the spirit world. One story tells of Ngunza Kilundu kia Ngunza, who was pursued by another man named Kalunga-ngombe.

As Ngunza fled eastward, Kalunga-ngombe chased after him carrying a hatchet. Ngunza denied having committed any crime and asked why he was being hunted. Kalunga-ngombe replied that he was simply pursuing him toward the east.

During the chase, Kalunga-ngombe threw his hatchet at Ngunza Kilundu kia Ngunza. According to the legend, this event caused Ngunza Kilundu kia Ngunza to become a Kituta spirit.


Sources

Chatelain, H. (1894). Folk-tales of Angola; fifty tales with Kimbundu text, liberal English translation, introduction, and notes. Boston: American Folk-lore Society.


Kianda

Tradition / Region: Angolan Mythology
Also Known As: Quianda
Category: Mermaid, Spirit


The Myth

Kianda is a powerful water spirit from Angolan folklore, associated with rivers, lagoons, and the underwater world. In many stories, Kianda appears as a supernatural being connected to hidden wealth, mysterious underwater cities, and dangerous encounters with humans.

One Angolan tale tells of a woman with two daughters who encountered a strange skull-like being that wished to marry one of the girls. The mother refused to give either daughter away. The younger daughter then secretly took ashes and covered the skull’s holes with them before throwing it into a lagoon.

The next morning, the waters had transformed, and the being beneath the surface had become Kianda. The spirit returned and demanded the younger daughter as his bride. He dragged her beneath the water into his underwater realm, where she was dressed in fine ornaments and necklaces. Whenever she returned from beneath the waters, she brought wealth, cloth, wine, and valuable goods back with her.

The woman eventually married Kianda and lived between the human world and the spirit world beneath the water. In the story, Kianda is portrayed as both dangerous and supernatural, yet also capable of granting riches and prosperity to those connected to him.


Sources

Chatelain, H. (1894). Folk-tales of Angola; fifty tales with Kimbundu text, liberal English translation, introduction, and notes. Boston: American Folk-lore Society.


Kimanaueze

Tradition / Region: Ambundu mythology, Angolan Mythology
Alternate Names: Na Kimanaueze; Na Kimanaueze Kia-Tumb’a Ndala
Category: Mountain dweller


The Myth

Long ago, there lived a man named Kimanaueze, whose name belonged both to a father and a son. The elder Kimanaueze wished to see his son married, but the younger refused all women of the earth. His ambition was greater than that of ordinary men: he declared that he would take as his wife the daughter of the Sun and the Moon, who lived far above the world, in the heavens.

To make this possible, Kimanaueze sought a way to reach her. He first asked the Antelope to carry his message, but the Antelope could not fly. He then asked the Hawk, but the Hawk could not rise high enough to reach the dwelling of the Sun and the Moon. The Vulture tried next, but even he could only fly part of the way. At last, Kimanaueze encountered the Frog, named Mainu. Though small and unimpressive, Mainu claimed he knew a hidden path.

Mainu explained that the servants of the Sun and Moon often visited a well on earth. He swallowed Kimanaueze’s letter and hid himself inside a water jug carried by one of these heavenly attendants. In this way, Mainu was carried straight into the house of the Sun King, where he slipped the letter onto the king’s desk. When a second letter appeared in the same mysterious way, the Sun King realized its importance and sent word back, asking Kimanaueze to present himself with a dowry so his worth could be judged.

Since Kimanaueze could not travel to heaven, Mainu again carried the dowry in secret. Pleased, the Sun King finally agreed to the marriage and ordered that his daughter be brought to earth. But there was still one obstacle: how to remove her from the heavens. This time, Mainu stole the girl’s eyes and hid himself. Chaos broke out among the heavenly beings, and the diviner Ngombo was summoned. Ngombo declared that the girl must be married immediately, or she would perish.

Fearing this fate, the Sun King sent his daughter down to earth with the help of the Spider. Mainu followed and returned her eyes to her once she reached the ground. At last, Kimanaueze received the daughter of the Sun and the Moon and took her as his wife, fulfilling his impossible ambition.

In later times, tragedy struck the family. While the younger Kimanaueze was away, the elder Kimanaueze was killed by fearsome multi-headed monsters called Makishi. Generations later, Kimanaueze’s grandson, the hero Sudika-mbambi, would hunt down and slay the Makishi to avenge his grandfather, ensuring that the name of Kimanaueze endured among the people.


Gallery


Sources

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Tantugou. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (French), from https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantugou


Interpretive Lenses

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Political / Social Readings
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