Australian Mythology

Yok-yok

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Tradition / Region: Aboriginal Mythology, Australian Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Mermaid, Shapeshifter

The Myth

In sacred waterholes across the land dwell spirits known as yok-yok, beings of the deep water who belong to the old time of creation.

They are most often seen as young women with fish tails and long green hair that drifts like seaweed across the surface. When people see strands of weed floating on still water, they say it is the hair of a yok-yok rising from below.

These spirits are tied to the life of the land. Where they dwell, water is strong and fertile. If a woman passes near a waterhole where a yok-yok lives, she may conceive a child, for the spirit’s power brings life into the world. They are also bringers of rain, and when they are pleased, the clouds gather and the land is nourished.

But they are not always gentle. If angered or disrespected, yok-yok can stir the waters and call down storms that flood the land and destroy what grows there.

They are shapeshifters and do not always appear as mermaids. At times they take the form of crocodiles, snakes, or great fish. Some stories say they may grow legs and walk the earth at night, or take wings and pass through the sky like dragonflies.

Now and then a yok-yok falls in love with a human man and lives with him for a time. Yet such unions never last. In the end she returns to the water, drawn back to the place where she belongs.

Some say the yok-yok are daughters of Ngaliod, the great creator linked to the Rainbow Serpent. Others say they are not merely his children but another form of the same ancient power—spirits of the living water that has always flowed through the world.

Gallery

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Iok-Jok. In Bestiary.us, from https://www.bestiary.us/iok-jok/

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  • How to Invite The Yok-yok

Nadubi

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Tradition / Region: Australian Mythology
Alternate Names: —
Category: Mountain dweller

The Myth

On the rocky plateaus of Arnhem Land there move, in the cold hours of night, the nadubi—evil spirit people who haunt the bush.

They look almost human at first glance, but their bodies betray them. From their elbows and knees sprout sharp barbed spines. Some are said to bear spines on other parts of their bodies as well. In ancient rock shelters, figures painted on stone show these strange beings: a woman marked with spines, and creatures with jagged tails and protrusions like weapons grown from flesh.

The nadubi do not wander in daylight. They wait for darkness, when the air turns chill and travelers grow weary. They watch for those who move alone through the bush, far from the safety of campfires and companions.

When a lone traveler passes through their territory, a nadubi creeps silently behind. Without warning, it thrusts one of its barbed spines into the victim’s body. The spine lodges deep within the flesh. At first the wound may seem small, but sickness soon follows. Fever rises, strength fades, and death creeps closer with each passing hour.

Only a medicine man can see the nadubi and understand what has happened. Only he can draw out the hidden spine before the poison spreads too far. But often the help comes too late. The wounded traveler weakens, and by morning another life has been taken by the spirits of the night.

Because of the nadubi, people warn one another never to walk alone in the bush after dark. And though medicine men keep watch and drive the spirits away from encampments, sometimes their vigilance fails. Then, in the silence of the plateau, a sudden scream pierces the night—proof that the nadubi still roam.

Gallery

Sources

abookofcreatures.com contributors. (n.d.). Nadubi. In abookofcreatures.com, from https://abookofcreatures.com/2019/05/03/nadubi/

Interpretive Lenses

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  • How to Invite The Nadubi

Dema

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Tradition / Region: Australian Mythology, Aborigine Mythology
Alternate Names: Dema, Demes
Category: Shapeshifter, Spirit

The Myth

In the age before the present world had settled into its familiar shape, the Dema walked the land. They were beings of mixed form, combining human features with those of animals and birds. Their bodies did not obey a single shape, and their nature was never fixed. To encounter a Dema was to face something both familiar and strange, human and non-human at once.

The Dema belonged to the time of first creations, when the world was still forming. This era is spoken of only vaguely as “long ago,” yet it does not feel distant. Stories of the Dema move freely between past and present, as if the boundary between then and now were thin. What happened in the age of the Dema can seem as near as yesterday.

The Dema were creators. They brought species, natural forces, and essential objects into existence. Often they did not merely create these things but were them. A Dema might be a man, a bird, a serpent, a tree, or all of these in turn. Transformation was natural to them, and stories tell of sudden and unexpected changes of form.

A Dema could appear as a youth and then slip back into an animal shape without warning. One might live as a serpent, be killed in that form, and yet continue to exist as a human, still bearing traces of the serpent, before eventually becoming a snake once more. Death did not always end a Dema’s story; it often marked another change.

Many Dema were the ancestors of clans and tribes. As totemic founders, they gave rise to the first people, animals, or plants of a lineage. Their mixed appearance reflected the bond between a clan and its totem. Through them, humans and animals were revealed to share a common origin.

Some Dema became the very species they had embodied. A Dema-dog, for example, transformed fully into a dog and produced many intelligent, speaking offspring. From these came the ordinary dogs of the world. In this way, myth explains how the extraordinary became ordinary, and how the living world took its present form.

Though powerful, the Dema were not always benevolent. They often quarreled with humans, bringing danger, rivalry, and conflict. Like heroes and monsters at once, they shaped the world through both creation and destruction.

The Dema are remembered not as distant gods, but as unstable, shifting beings whose actions still echo in the land, in animals, and in human descent. They embody the idea that the world is born from transformation, and that nothing was ever meant to remain fixed forever.

Gallery

Sources

Bestiary.us contributors. (n.d.). Dema. In Bestiary.us, from https://www.bestiary.us/dema/

Interpretive Lenses

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  • How to Invite The Dema